Factually Consistent Summarization via Reinforcement Learning with Textual Entailment Feedback

Paul Roit
Johan Ferret
Geoffrey Cideron
Matthieu Geist
Sertan Girgin
Léonard Hussenot
Nikola Momchev
Piotr Stanczyk
Nino Vieillard
Olivier Pietquin
Proceedings of the 61st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, Association for Computational Linguistics (2023), 6252–6272

Abstract

Despite the seeming success of contemporary grounded text generation systems, they often tend to generate factually inconsistent text with respect to their input. This phenomenon is emphasized in tasks like summarization, in which the generated summaries should be corroborated by their source article. In this work we leverage recent progress on textual entailment models to directly address this problem for abstractive summarization systems. We use reinforcement learning with reference-free, textual-entailment rewards to optimize for factual consistency and explore the ensuing trade-offs, as improved consistency may come at the cost of less informative or more extractive summaries. Our results, according to both automatic metrics and human evaluation, show that our method considerably improves the faithfulness, salience and conciseness of the generated summaries.